How to keep accounting in LLC
Video: How to Do the Accounting for an LLC (2020) 2024, July
Legal entities operating in Russia must keep accounting records. In this case, it is necessary to be guided by the Accounting Regulation, the Tax and Civil Code, as well as other legislative acts. The results of the activities are reflected in the financial statements.
Instruction manual
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When registering an LLC, you will have to choose a tax system. The accounting method depends on this. Let's say your company is a wholesaler. You conclude contracts mainly with legal entities. In this case, it is advisable to opt for the general taxation system.
2
The above system is the most laborious, but it is convenient for working with organizations. Carefully read the laws, because deviation from the laws is fraught with serious problems. If you do not understand something, contact the auditors or use the "Guarantor" or "Consultant" system.
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The general taxation system differs from the simplified one in that value added tax is calculated and paid. To record sales and purchases, use special journals called the purchase book and sales book. It is in them that you should record all issued and received invoices that have a VAT amount.
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How to calculate the VAT payable to the budget? Add up all the amounts that you paid to the supplier and contractor. Before that, carefully check all received invoices, take into account only those that have a VAT deduction. Suppose you paid 100, 000 rubles (including VAT) for the reporting period. The tax rate is 18%, so the “input” VAT is 18, 000 rubles.
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At the same time, you sold goods or rendered services to third parties. Add up all the amounts indicated on the invoices. Multiply the resulting number by the tax rate. For example, under contracts in the reporting period, you received revenue equal to 150, 000 rubles (including tax). VAT will be equal to 27, 000 rubles. To calculate the amount payable to the budget, subtract 18, 000 rubles from 27, 000 rubles. It turns out that for the reporting period you have to pay 9, 000 rubles.
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In addition to value added tax, you will have to calculate income tax. To calculate it, sum the amount of income from ordinary activities. Throw out some deductions from the resulting number, for example, production and commercial, advertising expenses, interest on debt. Multiply the amount received by the income tax rate (from January 1, 2012, it is 20%).
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Using the general taxation system, you must also pay tax on property that is on the balance sheet of the company. This tax is calculated based on the residual value of the asset. Calculate depreciation on a monthly basis, this will reduce payments, and after some time will reduce the tax payable to zero.
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The method of accounting should be fixed in the accounting policies of the organization, so when you compile it, think carefully, weigh all the pros and cons. To avoid mistakes, entrust this document to professionals in this matter.
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For accounting, it is advisable to use an automated program, this will significantly reduce your time and speed up the process of recording operations.
