What are the engineering industries

Engineering is rightly attributed to the main branch of industrial production, which affects the development of other areas of human economic activity.

In developed countries, the share of engineering in the gross national product is quite high, up to 30-35%. A feature of modern engineering is high quality, competitiveness, diversity. Therefore, the share of products manufactured at engineering enterprises, and then exported to the USA, Sweden, Germany, reaches 48%, and Japan - up to 65%. Engineering has a generally accepted structure, which includes several major industries.

General engineering

This includes the production of machine tools, means of production. The generally recognized leaders of heavy engineering, which includes the manufacture of equipment for mines, metallurgy, are recognized Germany, Japan, the United States, England, Switzerland. Developing countries (India, Brazil, Taiwan, South Korea) produce no more than 10% of all products. Machine tool industry is developed in Italy, Japan, USA, Russia. Almost all companies related to heavy engineering are located closer to iron and steel enterprises; for example, in Russia it is the Urals, in Poland - Silesia, in the USA - the north-east of the country.

Electrical industry

The leading position in the electrical industry in recent years has been the electronic industry, whose products are needed in almost any industry. The volume of annually sold products of this type reaches 1 trillion. dollars. At the same time, half of it is personal computers, electronic machines, 30% are electronic components (microcircuits, processors, hard drives, etc.), 20% are consumer electronics. The main direction of the development of the latter is miniaturization, improving quality and increasing the useful life. The leaders in the electronic industry are Japan, the USA, and South Korea.

Transport engineering

Here, one of the most developed parts of the industry is automotive engineering. About 50 million passenger cars and trucks are produced in the world every year. The usual way to locate automobile enterprises is the "bush", when the head of the company is located in the center, and specialized firms supplying plastic, metal, dyes, rubber, etc. are concentrated around. Leading positions in the industry belong to the USA, Japan, Germany, Italy. Shipbuilding is increasingly being dealt with by developing countries; for example, South Korea and Japan today account for almost 50% of all ships manufactured.